Reading the numbers that run a business.https://penluma.com/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/01-how-to-use-this-guide/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/01-how-to-use-this-guide/A plain-English finance guide for founders with no accounting background. Learn the three faces of money - revenue, profit, and cash - and read your numbers.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/02-the-founder-s-money-mindset-is-this-a-business-or-a-hobby/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/02-the-founder-s-money-mindset-is-this-a-business-or-a-hobby/Learn the founder money mindset that separates a real business from an expensive hobby - plus the three numbers that keep your company alive and solvent.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/03-the-three-financial-statements-the-whole-picture/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/03-the-three-financial-statements-the-whole-picture/Every business tells its money story with just three reports. Learn what each financial statement answers and how they connect into one clear picture.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/04-reading-a-p-l-income-statement-line-by-line/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/04-reading-a-p-l-income-statement-line-by-line/Learn how to read a P&L (income statement) line by line in plain English, from revenue down to net income, with a worked example and the margins that matter.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/05-the-balance-sheet-cash-flow-statement-why-profit-cash/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/05-the-balance-sheet-cash-flow-statement-why-profit-cash/Profit and cash are not the same thing, and confusing them bankrupts good businesses. Learn how the balance sheet and cash flow statement keep you alive.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/06-unit-economics-do-you-make-money-on-each-sale/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/06-unit-economics-do-you-make-money-on-each-sale/Unit economics shows whether you make or lose money on one sale. Learn contribution margin, CAC, LTV, and the LTV:CAC ratio with simple worked examples.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/07-cash-flow-burn-rate-runway-don-t-run-out-of-money/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/07-cash-flow-burn-rate-runway-don-t-run-out-of-money/Learn how cash flow, burn rate, and runway work so you never run out of money. A plain-English guide to the numbers that keep your business alive.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/08-pricing-fundamentals-cost-plus-vs-value-vs-competitive/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/08-pricing-fundamentals-cost-plus-vs-value-vs-competitive/Learn the three pricing methods every founder needs: cost-plus, competitor, and value-based pricing. Stop underpricing and set your price on purpose.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/09-pricing-psychology-pricing-with-confidence/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/09-pricing-psychology-pricing-with-confidence/Master pricing psychology to sell more without dropping your price. Learn anchoring, charm pricing, the decoy effect, and how to price with confidence.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/10-break-even-margins-profitability/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/10-break-even-margins-profitability/Learn how to calculate your break-even point, contribution margin, and profit margins so you know exactly how much to sell before your business turns a profit.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/11-budgeting-forecasting-building-a-simple-financial-model/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/11-budgeting-forecasting-building-a-simple-financial-model/Learn how to build a simple financial model, set a budget, and run a rolling forecast so your business never runs out of cash by surprise. Plain-English guide.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/12-funding-dilution-the-cost-of-capital/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/12-funding-dilution-the-cost-of-capital/Learn how dilution, valuation, and the cost of capital really work so you can walk into any investor meeting knowing exactly what their money costs you.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/13-living-by-the-numbers-the-founder-s-financial-dashboard/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/13-living-by-the-numbers-the-founder-s-financial-dashboard/Build a one-page founder financial dashboard. Learn the 10 numbers every founder must know cold - cash, burn, runway, CAC, LTV, churn - and how to act on them.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/14-glossary-of-terms/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/14-glossary-of-terms/Confused by CAC, burn rate, EBITDA, or gross margin? This plain-English business finance glossary explains every key term with clear, real examples.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/15-frequently-asked-questions/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/15-frequently-asked-questions/Why is my profitable business out of cash? What's a good gross margin? Clear answers to the startup finance questions founders are afraid to ask aloud.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacyhttps://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/16-revision-cheat-sheet/https://penluma.com/blog/business-financial-literacy/16-revision-cheat-sheet/The founder's startup finance cheat sheet: every formula, benchmark, and metric you need before a board meeting or investor call, explained in plain English.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTBusiness & Financial Literacy